道德绑架？美国网友问：为何中国不承担起责任，接受更多的难民？

在当前国际形势下，中东地区的长期战乱以及西方国家的持续干预导致越来越多的百姓成为难民，成为全球关注的焦点。在这个背景下，欧洲国家面临着日益严峻的难民问题，成为各国政治争论的焦点。中国政府坚定地选择捍卫本国国民的利益，而不轻举妄动地接受其他国家的难民。在美版知乎Quora上，美国网友提问道：为何中国不承担起作为发达国家的责任，接受更多的难民？这个问题引起海外网友的争议。

加拿大网友史蒂文·马里安的回答

I may be the only person here who believes that China has the obligation and ability to take care of refugees, but I believe that the Chinese people will not agree with my statement.

我可能是这里唯一一个认为中国有义务和能力照顾难民的人，但我认为中国人民不会同意我的说法。

Firstly, this question itself is quite misleading, and based on past records, China can and has an obligation (under international treaties) to do so.

首先，这个问题本身是相当误导性的，根据过去的记录，中国可以而且有义务（根据国际条约）这样做。

Unfortunately, no one has filed an application.

但很遗憾，没有人提起申请。

Secondly, what is the process of applying for asylum? I have a friend who is a Syrian refugee currently residing in Montreal, Canada. He told me that there are basically two ways to apply for asylum in a country other than a country. A) They are about to enter the country and prove that staying in their original country is too dangerous. Usually, they can obtain documents from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; b) Not in the target country, but can spend money to find someone to go to that specific country.

其次，申请庇护的流程是怎样的呢？我有一个朋友是叙利亚难民，现在住在加拿大蒙特利尔，他告诉我，在一个国家以外的国家申请庇护基本上有两种方法，a）即将进入这个国家，并证明留在原来的国家太危险，通常他们可以从联合国难民署获得文件；b）不在目标国家，但可以花钱找人去那个特定国家、。

Therefore, as you can see, for option a), this is too difficult because no one is willing to go through this process, such as leaving Syria, first passing through areas controlled by ISIS, heading to Iraq, crossing the Iranian border, entering another war-torn country, Afghanistan. You may encounter the Taliban, cross Kashmir, risk being attacked by India or Pakistan, and then reach the Chinese border. Since it's so difficult, why not go to Europe? From Syria to Türkiye by train, you will arrive in Europe in two days.

因此，正如你所看到的，对于选项a），这太困难了，因为没有人愿意经历这一过程，比如离开叙利亚，首先要穿过伊斯兰国控制的地区，前往伊拉克，通过伊朗边境，进入另一个饱受战争蹂躏的国家阿富汗，你可能会遇见塔利班，穿过克什米尔，有被印度或巴基斯坦攻击的风险，然后到中国边境。既然这么难那为什么不去欧洲呢？从叙利亚乘火车到土耳其，两天后你就到了欧洲。

Now let's discuss option b). Do you know how my friend got to Canada? Write a letter to Justin Trudeau? No, they spent money, and each family member spent about 5000 Canadian dollars (I can't remember the exact amount, but it's usually not a small amount for Canadians). They paid this money to a Syrian Orthodox Church in Canada, which has a specific quota. The local Syrian Christian community uses this list to demand permission from the Quebec provincial government to enter, and don't forget that the provincial government has its own quota. This is a lucky person whose parents are both doctors and come from a good family background. Before the civil war, they worked in the most stable country in the entire Middle East.

现在让我们讨论选项b）。你知道我的朋友是怎么到加拿大的吗？给贾斯汀·特鲁多写信？不，他们花钱了，每个家庭成员花费了大约5000加元（我记不清确切的金额，但这通常对加拿大人来说不是小钱），他们将这笔钱支付给了一个加拿大叙利亚正教会，该教会有特定的配额，当地的叙利亚基督教社区使用这份名单来要求魁北克省政府允许他们进入，别忘了，省政府有自己的配额。这是一个幸运的人，他的父母都是医生，家庭背景好，内战之前，在整个中东最稳定的国家工作。

So, what about those poor people, or those who can't afford the ransom? They must prove that applying for asylum in a specific country is the best option, usually by finding a guarantor. But there is a specific case that proves the difficulty of this approach, that is, Alan Kurdi, whose body was found on the beach in Türkiye.

那么，那些穷人呢，或者说是那些付不起“赎金”的人呢？他们必须证明向特定国家申请庇护是最好的选择，通常，最好的方法是找到一个担保人。但有一个具体的案例证明了这种途径的困难，那就是艾伦·库尔迪（Alan Kurdi），他的尸体是在土耳其海滩上发现的。

His family attempted to apply for asylum in Canada, but was rejected because 1) it is said that Alan's aunt cannot afford the $27000 immigration fee. 2) Perhaps the most important reason was that his family could not even obtain refugee status from the Government of Türkiye. So they risked their lives and wanted to enter Europe. The parents of Alan Kurdi, a 3-year-old, took him and his 5-year-old brother into a inflatable boat and set out from the coast of Türkiye to the Greek island of Kos. A huge wave overturned the ship, and both mother and two sons drowned.

他的家人试图向加拿大申请庇护，但被拒绝了，因为1）据说艾伦的姑姑负担不起27000加元的移民费用。2）也许最重要的原因是，他的家人甚至无法从土耳其政府获得难民身份。所以他们以身犯险，想要进入欧洲，3岁的艾伦·库尔迪（Alan Kurdi）的父母把他和5岁的哥哥抱上了一艘充气船，从土耳其海岸出发前往希腊的科斯岛(Kos)。一个巨浪掀翻了船，母亲和两个儿子都淹死了。

Now, after briefly explaining this process, let's take a step back and briefly evaluate the feasibility of Syrians applying for asylum from China:

现在，在我简要解释了这个过程后，让我们退一步，简单评估一下叙利亚人向中国申请庇护的可行性：

Due to the distance, no one can reach China;

由于距离遥远，没有人能到达中国；

Most refugees do not have the financial means to apply;

大多数难民没有经济能力申请；

No refugee is likely to find a Syrian Chinese community to support him;

任何难民都不太可能找到一个叙利亚华人社区来支持他；

They have no relatives in China.

他们在中国没有亲戚。

So, now you may know how difficult it is to become a refugee in China. Let me tell you another reason, give another example: Hungary already has tens of thousands of Syrian refugees, but a large part of them do not seek asylum even in Hungary. Why? Because if you have the possibility of going to Germany, why do you stay in Hungary?

所以，现在你可能知道在中国成为难民有多难了，我现在告诉你另一个原因，再举一个例子吧：匈牙利已经有数以万计的叙利亚难民，但其中很大一部分难民即使在匈牙利也不寻求庇护，为什么？因为如果你有可能去德国，你为什么要留在匈牙利？

中国网友施玉昆的回答

I have a question, and most Chinese people may ask, "Why do those people flee to another country when their country faces war or is in trouble? Why don't they fight for their own country?"

我有一个问题，大多数中国人可能会问：“当他们的国家面临战争或陷入困境时，为什么那些人逃到另一个国家？为什么他们不为自己的国家而战？”

If under the same circumstances, I believe Chinese people would stay in China and fight against the aggressors.

如果在同样的情况下，我相信中国人会留在中国，与侵略者作战。

China suffered a lot from 1840 to 1949, and although some Chinese people fled to other countries such as Southeast Asia, it was difficult for them to be called refugees. The most important thing is that the vast majority of Chinese people stayed behind, despite fighting against each other, when other countries invaded China, they united and drove them out of China. The blood and sweat of millions of Chinese people have created today's China, and we still have a lot to do in the future. If I die, I will lie underground in China, and I believe most Chinese people living abroad also have this idea. Fallen leaves return to their roots, buried in the earth for safety.

中国在1840年至1949年期间遭受了许多苦难，尽管一些中国人逃到了东南亚等其他国家，但他们很难被称为难民。最重要的是，绝大多数中国人留下来了，尽管彼此作战，但当其他国家入侵中国时，他们联合起来，将他们赶出了中国。数百万中国人的血汗造就了今天的中国，我们在未来还有很多事情要做。如果我死了，我会躺在中国的大地下，我相信大多数生活在国外的中国人也有这样的想法。落叶归根，入土为安。

Your country is like your mother, she raised you, and sometimes she gets sick, unable to protect you for a while. Don't you think at that time, you should stay and take care of her instead of fleeing to the wealthy?

你的国家就像你的母亲一样，她养育了你，有时，她也会生病，一时无法保护你。你不觉得那个时候，你应该留下来照顾她，而不是逃到有钱人那里吗？

I see many strong men among the refugees. I say women can go, the elderly can go, and children can go, but for men, live like men and fight for your country!

我看到难民中也有很多强壮的男人，我说女人可以去，老人可以去，孩子可以去，但对于男人来说，像男人一样生活，为你的国家而战！

During World War II, more than 3200 young Chinese men and women lived abroad. When China was in war, they gave up a peaceful life and returned to China to fight against the Japanese. One thousand of them died in the war.

第二次世界大战期间，有3200多名中国年轻男女生活在国外。当中国处于战争中时，他们放弃了平静的生活，回到中国与日本人作战。其中一千人死于战争。

This is their monument, they are respected by us Chinese people.

这是他们的纪念碑，他们是我们中国人尊敬的人。

Those who have escaped from war should feel humiliated, which is another reason why Chinese people do not welcome Middle Eastern refugees.

那些从战争中逃脱的人应该觉得屈辱，这也是中国人不欢迎中东难民的另一个原因。

海外网友亚瑟·戴恩的回答

China has not caused the refugee problem, and it has no moral obligation.

中国没有造成难民问题，它没有道德义务。

China's per capita gross domestic product is only 1/5 of Germany's, and China is still striving to develop to take care of its own people.

中国的人均国内生产总值仅为德国的1/5，中国还在努力发展以照顾好自己的人民。

Chinese people are afraid of refugees who do not know the details. We don't want to be robbed, nor do we want to be bombed. Chinese people are afraid of extremists.

中国人害怕不知道底细的难民。我们不想被抢劫，也不想被轰炸，中国人害怕极端分子。

China has made enough sacrifices to alleviate population tension, and we cannot accept refugees.

中国已经为缓解人口紧张做出了足够的牺牲，我们无法接受难民。

There are 56 ethnic groups in China, of which 55 are ethnic minorities. We will not be eager to seek diversity.

中国有56个民族，其中55个是少数民族，我们不会如饥似渴地寻求“多样性”。

China attaches great importance to social security, and you can see this by prohibiting civilians from illegally holding firearms. Therefore, we do not want to potentially increase terrorism and crime.

中国非常重视社会安全保障，你可以通过平民不得非法持有枪支来看到这一点。因此，我们不希望潜在地增加恐怖主义和犯罪。

Last but not least, China does not feel obligated to receive these refugees. China has always voted against military intervention in Iraq, Libya, and Syria in the United Nations Security Council, and has never participated in any modern wars that have led to these refugees.

最后但同样重要的是，中国并不觉得有义务接收这些难民。中国一直在联合国安理会就军事干预伊拉克、利比亚和叙利亚问题投反对票，而且从未参与任何导致这些难民的现代战争。

美国网友詹姆斯·约瑟夫的回答

I think the refugees you mentioned are refugees from Middle Eastern countries such as Syria.

我想你提到的难民是来自叙利亚等中东国家的难民。

The most important thing is that refugees do not like to come to China because they cannot receive as many benefits there as they do in Europe.

最重要的是，难民们并不喜欢来到中国，因为他们在那里无法获得像在欧洲那样多的福利。

Although these refugees are eager to come to China, ordinary Chinese people are not willing to take them in.

尽管这些难民很想来到中国，但普通中国人并不愿意收留他们。

On Weibo, over 97% of users voted against whether China should accept these refugees. In communities like Quora, many elites have the same idea, and most of the answers are against accepting refugees. Yao Chen, an actress who claimed that China should accept refugees, has been widely attacked by netizens. People claim that if she really cares about refugees, then she should actually go to refugee camps in Europe to help the refugees there. Others say that if she wants to welcome refugees, she should let them live in her house and take care of them.

在微博上，超过97%的用户对中国是否应该接受这些难民的问题投了反对票。在像Quora这样的知乎社区，很多精英都有相同的想法，大多数答案都是反对接受难民的。姚晨，一个声称中国应该接收难民的女演员，遭到了网民的广泛攻击。人们声称，如果她真的关心难民，那么她实际上应该去欧洲的难民营帮助那里的难民。其他人说，如果她想欢迎难民，那么她应该让难民住在她的房子里并照顾他们。

I have browsed many different online communities and found that they are all against accepting refugees. Some people say that China welcomes refugees, which is completely wrong. Please do not lie to yourself. If you can speak Chinese, you will have a clear understanding of people's views on refugees.

我浏览了很多不同的网络社区，发现他们都反对接受难民。有人说中国欢迎难民，这是完全错误的。请不要对自己撒谎，如果你会说中文，你就清楚地知道人们对难民的看法。

There are several reasons why Chinese people do not like refugees.

中国人不喜欢难民有几个原因。

The first reason is that refugees can cause many security issues. Someone wrote, "One day, you suddenly find a group of people who don't understand Chinese living next to you. They don't work, don't abide by the law, and all they do is pray anytime and anywhere, greatly increasing the chance of you being robbed or killed." Seeing what happened after receiving refugees in Europe, most Chinese people do not trust or like refugees.

第一个原因是难民会造成很多安全问题。有人写道：“有一天，你突然发现一群不懂中文的人就住在你身边。他们不工作，不遵守法律，他们所做的就是随时随地祈祷，你被抢劫或杀害的几率大大增加。”看到欧洲接收难民后发生的事情，大多数中国人不信任或不喜欢难民。

Secondly, China is already very crowded. A popular viewpoint is that "our previous only child families were not meant to receive refugees.".

第二，中国已经很拥挤了。一个流行的观点是，“我们之前的独生子女家庭不是为了接收难民的”。

Thirdly, China has not caused wars in the Middle East and is not responsible for refugees.

第三，中国没有造成中东地区的战争，也不对难民负责。

Fourthly, as mentioned in some other answers, some people say they do not like the act of giving up their homeland. Although such answers often receive a lot of recognition in the Chinese community, I personally believe that this is not a popular idea.

第四，正如其他一些答案所提到的那样，有些人说他们不喜欢放弃祖国的行为。尽管这类回答在华人社区经常得到很多认同，但我个人认为这不是一个流行的想法。

印度网友托利的回答

I think there are three types of countries that welcome refugees-

（印度）我认为有三种类型的国家欢迎难民-

1) Those who need them 2) Those who do not need them but welcome them for other reasons 3) Those who unintentionally do so (lack control) or wish to pretend to be magnanimous

1） 那些需要他们的人2）那些不需要他们，但出于其他原因欢迎他们的人3）那些无意识地这样做（缺乏控制）或希望假装宽宏大量的人

Chinese people do not meet any of the three criteria mentioned above, therefore refugees are not welcomed.

中国人不符合上述三个标准中的任何一个，因此不欢迎难民。

Let me explain -1) those who need them - such as Australia, New Zealand They need more people - they themselves have a sparse population (I remember driving through Australia for two consecutive days without seeing a place or person... it's hard to imagine in India!)

让我解释一下——1）那些需要它们的人——例如：澳大利亚、新西兰.......他们需要更多的人——他们本身人口稀少（我记得连续两天开车穿过澳大利亚，没有看到一个住处或人……在印度是难以想象的！）

2) Who doesn't need them, but welcomes them for other reasons? For example, the British strongly opposed immigration and refugees (as they have always been - this has been widely documented. After World War I, they disliked Belgian refugees, later Indians and Pakistanis, then Sri Lankan refugees, and now Syrians). However, This country has caused great harm in each of these countries - I believe it is this sense of guilt that makes great powers that may welcome refugees from these countries feel guilty. Dig deeper into the dark history of any country in the UK that welcomes refugees, and you will find that they infiltrated and caused trouble from the beginning - through methods such as imperial colonization, dark defense agreements, or financial capital, causing these countries to fall apart.

2） 谁不需要他们，但出于其他原因欢迎他们？举个例子：英国人强烈反对移民，反对难民（他们一直都是-这一点已经被广泛记录下来。第一次世界大战后，他们讨厌的是比利时难民，后来是印度人和巴基斯坦人，然后是斯里兰卡难民，现在是叙利亚人）然而，这个国家在这些国家中的每一个国家都造了很大的孽——我认为正是这种罪恶感让那些可能欢迎这些国家难民的大国感到内疚。深入挖掘英国欢迎难民的任何国家的阴暗历史，你会发现他们一开始就进行渗透并制造麻烦——通过他们帝国殖民、阴暗的国防协议或金融资本等方法让这些国家分崩离析。

London is one of the few airports I have been to (as early as 2003), and I saw a separate refugee counter at the immigration office at the airport! I'm not sure if that counter still exists.

伦敦是我到过的为数不多的几个机场（早在2003年），我在机场移民处看到了一个单独的难民柜台！我不确定那个计数器是否还存在。

3) Unconsciously welcoming the committee/pretending to be magnanimous (but without any gain, so different from the two above) - e.g. India. This can be traced back to 1959-69, for some reason - I think at that time, Nehru still believed that it could allow India to show its tolerant face to the world. Since the late 1960s, refugees from Bangladesh have been flocking to India, and they have not stopped, leading to Bangladeshi refugees settling in other cities such as Leyland, Mumbai, Kolkata, and even Pu. The reason is simple - we couldn't control it back then, and now we can't control it either.

3） 无意识的欢迎委员会/假装宽宏大量（但没有任何收获，因此与上面的2个不同）-例如：印度。这要追溯到1959-69年，不知道为什么——我想当时，尼赫鲁仍然认为这可以让印度向向世界展示其宽容的面貌。自20世纪60年代末以来，来自孟加拉国的难民一直涌向印度，他们至今没有停止，导致孟加拉国难民在雷伊路、孟买、加尔各答，甚至浦等其他城市定居。原因很简单——当时我们无法控制，现在我们也无法控制。

You know - China does not meet any of the above three standards. It has a lot of human resources, so it doesn't need more. It won't launch wars on distant lands of other countries, and it has good control over the borders.

你知道了——中国不符合上述三个标准中的任何一个。它有很多人力资源，所以不需要更多，它不会在遥远的别国土地上发动战争，而且对边界有很好的控制。

网友加菲尔德·江的回答

China does indeed accept refugees and may be one of the top ten countries in terms of refugee numbers.

中国确实接受难民，而且可能是难民数量排名前十的国家之一。

However, I suspect you are referring to refugees from the Middle East and North Africa. For these refugees, I would like to say that the biggest troublemakers should bear the greatest responsibility. You cannot burn someone else's house, nor can you demand that other innocent families take care of the victims you have caused.

然而，我猜想你说的是来自中东和北非的难民。对于这些难民，我想说，最大的麻烦制造者应该承担最大的责任。你不能烧了别人的房子，也不能要求其他无辜的家庭来照顾那些你制造的受害者。

According to this logic, these refugees should go to the United States, NATO countries, Saudi Arabia, Türkiye, etc., which are the main culprits of this disaster. Once these countries have exhausted all their resources and are still unable to receive all refugees, as a responsible country, China should accept some of them.

按照这个逻辑，这些难民应该去美国、北约国家、沙特、土耳其等，这些国家都是这场灾难的罪魁祸首。一旦这些国家用尽了所有资源，仍然无法接收所有难民，那么作为一个负责任的国家，中国应该接受其中的一些难民。

All bombings, training of rebels, expulsion, and attempts to expel legitimate government leaders are carried out by a few countries and organizations. What did China do in these wars? It is helping the world, from Africa to Central Asia, and then to South America, to build rather than destroy infrastructure, cultivate local workers, not train local rebels, and promote consumer goods trade rather than arms trade.

所有的轰炸、训练反叛分子、驱逐和试图驱逐合法政府领导人等都是由少数国家和组织完成的。中国在这些战争中做了什么？它正在帮助世界，从非洲到中亚，再到南美洲，建设而不是破坏基础设施，培养当地工人，不训练当地叛乱分子，促进消费品贸易，而不是武器贸易。

People who constantly pester or condemn China on this issue should shut up or petition your own benevolent government to accept more refugees.

在这个问题上不断纠缠中国或谴责中国的人应该闭嘴，或者请愿你们自己的仁慈政府接纳更多的难民。

Chinese people are not cold-blooded, but they believe that troublemakers should be the first to take responsibility for their actions. Compassion with others is a fundamental virtue of humanity, but at the national level, it cannot go beyond the interests of one's own people.

中国人不是冷血的，但他们认为闹事者应该首先为自己的行为负责。同情他人是人类的基本美德，但在国家层面，它不能超越本国人民的利益。